Method for construction of building substructure



Oct. 20, 1970 MAsAYuKI KIDA 3,534,561

METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING SUBSTHUCTURE 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Sept. 16, 196B I 2l mw 2G 2o 2o 2G 2b 2b 2b I v' 'INVENTOR BY I Oct. 20, `1970 MAsAYuKl KIDA 3,534,561 METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING sUBsTRUOTURE 2 Shee'tsSheet 2 Filed Sept. 16, 1968 I NV ENTOR.

3,534,56l METHOD FOR CONSTRUC'HUN 0F BUILDING SUBSTRUCTURE Masayuki Kida, 1-13 Shin-Ogawamachi, Sinjukuku, rfokyo, Japan Filed Sept. 16, 1968, Ser. No. 762,196 Int. Cl. EtlZd 5/30, 7/24 U.S. Cl. 61-53.6 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DlSCLOSURlE Method for the construction of a building basement and, subsequently, a foundation which is grown further as the building load is to be increased, in which utilized eventually as basement-enclosing walls are precast concrete members prepared as each has a plurality of vertical bores, some passing therethrough earth excavation means provided each with a watering device which means trench and turn the ground under the concrete member from an original solid state into a sludgy state, others permitting the earth turned sludge to pass upwardly therethrough to be removed, allowing the concrete member to sink or to be depressed by a depth as prescribed into the ground. Subsequently to the lay-down in the ground of the basement-enclosing precast concrete walls and the completion of the basement construction, cavities are created in the ground under the concrete Iwall member by sending thereinto high pressure fluid flows through some of the above-mentioned bores and by permitting the underground sludge to be discharged through the rest bores, into which cavities concrete is placed under pressure to form a foundation in a configuration substantially spherical. By preparatorily providing to the foundation being formed hollow line means connecting between the bores of the concrete member and the ground surrounding the foundation, sending high pressure fluid flows anew by way of some of the hollow line-s and permitting the sludge to be removed by way of other hollow lines, new cavities are created surrounding the spherical foundation, into which an addition of concrete is pressed in to thereby have the foundation grown.

This invention relates to a method for the construction of a building substructure. More particularly, this invention relates to a novel method for the construction of the basement of a building and of its foundation formed and/ or grown subsequently to the lay-down in the ground of the basement-enclosing walls.

In conventional methods, the construction of a basement, or more particularly, of walls enclosing the basement, comprises generally the steps of driving a plurality of sheet piles into the ground in the vicinity of the border line of the site for a building, removing the earth along the inside line of the driven sheet piles which will serve to form a temporary wall surface retaining the earth and sand, setting form panels in two lines, and placing mixed concrete within the vacancy formed between the outer and the inner lines of the form panels, followed by the removal of those temporary members of sheet piles and form panels after the concrete has set and hardened sufliciently.

Indispensably, the driving into the earth of sheet piles requires a great deal of operation time and man power. Besides, the noise causable during such working annoys the neighborhood. The foundering of sheet piles and the relative arrangement of panels, and the removal of such temporary requirements for the placing of concrete are complicated and prone to place the construction cost raised and cause the succeeding, interdependent con-struction activities delayed.

3,534,561 Patented Oct. 20, 1970 ice It is therefore a principal object of this invention to provide a novel basement construction method which obliterates all such disadvantages.

Further, of foundation piles which have been heretofore in universal uses, the capacity of bearing the load of a building is xed or constant as the construction planning prescribes, and is not alterable or increasable after the building has been completely through a constniction. This presents a distinct disadvantage such that, in defiance of a need or desire arising after the completion of a building, the extension or addition of an upper floor is restricted substantially to impracticability.

It is therefore a further object of this invention to provide a novel foundation construction method which, subsequently to the construction of basement walls or even after the completion of a building, makes it practicable to not only form the foundation or footing of the building but also have the foundation or footing expanded or reinforced if so needed or desired.

According to a feature of this invention, a novel method is provided for the construction of a basement, in which precast concrete panels are prepared each Iwith a plurality of vertical passages and, when the panel is disposed not necessarily internally in the vicinity of the border line of the lot for constructing a building thereon but even on the very border line, appropriate numbers of an earth drilling means such as an auger provided With a watering device will be inserted through the corresponding number of the hollow passages or bores of the panel. By drilling with watering from the forward end of the drilling means, the soil under the panel is permitted to become sludgy and receive thereinto the concrete panel to which a downward may be applied optionally externally in addition to the dead 'weight of the panel. As the sinking advances of the concrete panel into the earth, the sludge undergoing compression due to the sinking of the panel will be forced upwardly, pass through the rest number of panel bores and be eventually discharged over the top of the panel. Those precast concrete panels thus buried by a predetermined depth into the ground serving basement walls, the soil within the enclosure by the walls will then be dug out and taken out of the site so that the basement construction is further worked in any known manner.

The precast concrete panel employed in practising the method of this invention is not a matter of temporary utility to have to be removed afterwards, but is to make itself one of walls enclosing a basement. Each panel essentially has at least one appropriately spaced pair of hollow bores past vertically therethrough, some of which vertical bores are for inserting earth drilling means therethrough, Iwhile the others being utilized for discharging the underground sludge upwardly therethrough.

The method of this invention, which can dispense with not only those sheet piles and form panels to have heretofore been indispensable for the placing of concrete but naturally also operations for setting or arranging and then removing such temporary members, realizes an extensive economization in respect of both the operation time and the labor.

The method realizes also a maximum utilization of a limited site, since those precast concrete panels which, when erected in the earth, form basement walls without therein the necessity for the placing of sheet piles and the digging out of the earth, can be laid on the very border line of the site.

Once the concrete panels were stabbed in the earth, this invention makes it feasible further that, with no time required for the otherwise necessitated wait for the setting and hardening of concrete, but concurrently with the excavation of the earth within the enclosure by concrete wall panels, works for constructing the building super- 3 structure are immediately set out on and above those walls laid, wherein a markable curtailment will be realizable in the construction term as well as the cost.

In accordance with a further aspect of this invention, there is provided a novel method for the construction of the foundation or footing of a building, in which subsequently to the laying at a prescribed depth into the ground of the aforementioned concrete panels having a plurality of vertical through bores, flows of a high pressure fluid such as water and/ or air are jetted through some of said plurality of vertical through bores into the base under the wall panel and, through the remaining open bores, the soil turned now in a state of slime is upwardly dredged, creating cavities in the ground under the panel, into which cavities through any of those bores concrete will then be charged under pressure to thereby form a foundation having a capacity sufiicient to bear the load of all the structure -above itself. By way of determining the degree of the pressure applied for the pouring of concrete through bores of the panel, the load bearing capacity will be known of the foundation structure formed.

A still further aspect of this invention provides a novel method for an additional construction of the foundation of a building, according to which the footing structure being formed as in the above description and usually in a spherical configuration, is provided with conduit means such as pipes or the like interconnecting the panel bores and the underground earth texture surrounding the spherical footing, said conduit means being either embedded contemporaraneously with the pouring of concrete or pierced before the concrete poured has hardened, and, if the need arises for a reinforcement of the foundation once constructed because of the adding-on of an upper fioor for example, jets of a pressurized fluid will be sent in again this time by way through some of the conduit means together with the sending-out of sludge by way of the rest number of the means. Into the underground cavities thereby newly created, an addition of concrete is pressed in through any of the piping means.

Relied on this method, the spherical concrete footing can be grown meeting need due to the growth of a building, and besides, the underground clays and sands surrounding the foundation can be compressed and densified by the impregnation under pressure of concrete, wherefore the method takes another effect of consolidating the underground base itself.

For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings illustrating the preferred embodiments A FIG. 2 is a schematic front elevation of the apparatus; I

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a precast concrete panel employed in accordance with this invention;

FIG. 4 is an elevational viewv of the panel with a plurality of vertical bores depicted by broken lines, but with such panel components disappearing -as reinforcing bars and so forth;

FIG. 5 is a schematic elevational view showing a modified form of this invention;

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view taken for an explanation of the method of forming a spherical foundation in the ground in accordance with this invention;

FIG. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view explaining the method of forming, subsequently to the buried laying of a basement wall, a spherical foundation which has been grown; and

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional elevation explaining the method for determining the load bearing capacity of a foundation.

Referring first to FIGS. l and 2, there is shown an apparatus for burying into the earth the precast concrete panel shown at 1 and depicted in more details in FIGS. 3 and 4 as has a plurality of vertical bores represented generally by 2 and subreferenced alternately by 2a and 2b. In the preferred embodiment of this invention, vertical bores 2a each passes therethrough an earth drilling device such as an auger provided with a watering means, while the rest bores 2b allowing the underground sludge to be discharged upwardly therethrough.

The panel laying apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises essentially a frame structure 5 movable in horizontal directions on tracks 3 by way of wheels 4, and a plurality of earth drilling means 7 supported by said frame structure 5 through bearing means 6 so as to be vertically moved and rotated. Each earth drilling means 7 consists of a screw portion for excavating the earth with apertures provided near the forward end '7a thereof for pouring water out thereof, and the remaining upper portion 7b in the form of a hollow rod or pipe, to which a flexible pipe 8 is connected by way thereof to supply water to the lowest and 7a of the means '7. Said flexible pipe 8 connects with a pump unit 9, which is in association also with a discharge pipe 10. The screw-provided excavator means 7 are inserted through bores 2a of precast concrete panels l, and discharge pipes 10 are connected to the rest 2b of bores 2. The reference character 11 denotes a prime mover and the numeral 12 indicates a winch.

The trenching means or excavator 7, being driven for rotation by way of variable speed gears 13 through a rotary gear 14, proceeds its way into the ground that has been and is being turned into a sludge matter and, as the excavation advances, it becomes permitted of the concrete panel l to sink by virtue of its dead weight into the sludge. In the illustrated embodiment, the panel 1 is guided and maintained in perpendicularity by a steelmade pair of temporary retaining walls 15 vertically slidably mounted to the frame assembly 5, whereby an accurately perpendicular foundering is insured of the panel 1. In addition to the self-sinking gradually deeper into the muddy matter transformed of the earth by the digging with agitation by the excavator rneans 7 and watering, the subsidence of the panel can be accelerated by the incorporation of either vibration devices 16 to the temporary retaining walls 15 or an appropriate compression device (not shown) onto the panel.

In practising the method, the retaining walls 15 will first be lifted for disposition on the ground of the precast concrete panel 1 and, while guiding the panel between the temporary walls, the earth drilling means or excavators '7 will then be passed downwardly through vertical bores 2a of the panel. Simultaneously, when the motor 11 is energized to thereby drive the earth drilling member 7 for rotation, water is supplied by way of the pipe 8 and flushed from the vicinity of the forward end portion 7a of the member '7 over an area portion of the ground. Being drilled and admixed with water, the area or portion excavated of the originally solid earth becomes immediately sludgy and permits the concrete panel l to be driven thereinto owing either to the deadweight of the panel or an additional downward force or weight to be applied optionally externally onto the panel, in which the ground and water-supersaturated earth matter undergoing compression will be forced to pass through bores 2b upwardly as indicated by arrows in FIG. 2 and be gradually discharged. As the excavator 7 has reached the predetermined depth into the ground, the rotation thereof will be stopped together with the pouring of water, completing the laying of the panel l. To meet the need for a greater wall height depending upon a construction planning, another piece of the concrete panel will be superimposed and joined by any known means onto the buried one and, with these piled two pieces of the panel 1 which together will be laid into the deposit, the excavation and watering and the sludge-removal can be carried out samely as mentioned hereinabove by way of bores 2a and 2b, respectively. In this connection, it is conditional that dependently upon the prescribed depth or wall height of a basement structure, the earth excavation member 7 has a length appropriately predetermined.

Subsequently, the frame assembly 5 is moved sideways in FIG. 2 for a laterally additional laying of the panel closely adjacent to the one already laid. A same operation will be repeated to complete the enclosure of a basement by precast concrete panel walls 1.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a modied form of this invention. For foundering the precast concrete panel 1 into such portion of the earth as changed in a sludgy state by the rotation of the excavator 7 and the spreading of water, there may be cases where a considerable degree of friction resistance is predictable between the concrete panel 1 and a rrn earthy deposit 18, in connection with which cases, the illustrated modification of the invention is to facilitate the subsidence of the panel by reducing the friction resistance in a manner such that the underground sludge from passages 2b, instead of being thrown away through the pipe 10 in FIG. 2, is guided as shown into the path the panel is being buried and along the panel faces by way of suitable piping. For this and, more particularly, for providing a broader way down into the ground, an expander vane means 19 will be advisably secured to the lower end of a first-laid panel 1.

Further, the principle of this invention may be applied also to the driving of cylindrical members into the ground. In this instance, such members should be prepared in a hollow structure so that a drilling excavator of the aforementioned type provided with a watering device will be inserted through the opening. The driving of piles into a firm deposit will be found markably easier when relied on the agitation the drilling means in accordance with this invention than by any existing method such as hammering. With a column of a relatively thick diameter, a number of vertical round bores will be preparatorily passed through the column and, inserting into the bores excavators disposed in a circular arrangement, an excavation, watering and earth-removal can be performed with the degree of friction resistance extremely reduced, as hereinbefore described.

Referring to FIG. 6, a second aspect of this invention will now be described. A precast concrete panel 21 is provided with an appropriate number of bores 22 opened vertically therethrough. Reference characters 23 and 24 respectively denote the ground and a basement oor. As hereinbefore set forth, the concrete panel 21 is buried into the ground in a manner such that, inserting excavation means provided with watering device as in FIG. 1 into and through some of the vertical bores 22, said means are actuated for rotation together with the injection into the earth of a iluid such as water and/or air to thereby transform the earth into a broken earthy matter such as sludge to be removed upwardly through the rest of bore 22, permitting the panel to be buried to the predetermined depth into the ground. Subsequently, by further jetting llows of a pressurized fluid such as water through bores 22 of the panel 21, cavities are created in the ground under the panel, into which concrete is placed and, by exerting a pressure P (FIG. 8) by way for example of inserting appropriate plug members 25 into bores and compressing the same, spherical concrete bodies 26 can be formed as rmly expanded and rooted into the ground 23. The spherical bodies 26 thus formed constitute a building foundation having a load bearing capacity as prescribed and, at the same time, inhibit the sludge from surging into the ground below the oor 24 from the other side of the panel in FIG. 6'.

FIG. 7 illustrates a further aspect of this invention concerned with a method for growing a building foundation formed or being formed, in which those reference characters 21, 22, 23 and 24 denote like matters in FIG.

6. The spherical concrete body 26 is as formed initially at the construction of a building with such means for example as pipes 27, 28 and 29 preparatorily provided to connect the bore of concrete panels through the foundation formed or being formed to the surrounding earth portions. When an expansion or reinforcement of the foundation or an intensification of the load bearing capacity of the foundation becomes necessitated for the addition of an upper floor for example, ows of a pressurized fluid are pressed into the surrounding earth through some of the above-mentioned pipes, while a suitable suction means removing the sludge upwardly through the other pipes, and an addition of concrete will be charged under pressure through those pipes into the vacant interspaces between the initially formed concrete footing 26 and the earth surrounding the footing. Thus a new concrete spherical body 30 can be formed as a grown foundation, in which the earth surrounding the newly formed foundation can also be compressed and densiied by virtue of the pressure exerted in the press-in of concrete. This method, so to speak, is to have a foundation grown as the building grows.

In conjunction with FIG. 8, which is taken for an explanation of the method for determining the load bearing capacity of a foundation being formed according to this invention and forming a grown foundation having a load bearing capacity to answer the requirement as such determination indicates, it will be supposed that X stands for the volume of concrete that has been placed into the ground through the bore 22 of the concrete panel 21, and that the concrete being placed swells substantially in a sphericial configuration under the bore 22 to have a radius r, and then there will be the following equation established:

In the formula, X is a known number, and the value for r is obtainable.

The load bearing capacity F of the foundation 30 will be given by the equation of F =CP1rr2, in which C is the coefficient of soil reaction and P is the pressure applied to form the spherical concrete body 30, and the value for F is obtainable from this equation. A value for F obtained in the above will be compared with a prescribed calculation value for the load bearing capacity of a foundation to be formed, and thus it is practicable after the completion of a building construction to form a foundation having a load bearing capacity exactly as a calculation requires. It will be understood that the foregoing determination of a value for F is applicable also to the formation of the foundation 26.

It will be further understood that it is intended to cover all changes and modifications of the preferred embodiments of the invention herein chosen for the purpose of illustration which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A method of construction of the basement of a building, comprising the steps of disposing on the ground for the basement construction a precast concrete member having a plurality of bores passed vertically through;

inserting through a certain number of said plurality of bores onto the ground the corresponding number of earth drilling means, each provided with a watering device,

transforming the ground under the concrete member from an original solid state into a sludgy one by the drilling means being rotated while watering from the forward end portion of the means into the ground.

permitting said concrete member to sink by a prescribed depth into the ground and permitting said. sludge turned by the earth under said concrete member t be discharged through the rest number of the plu' rality of said vertical bores, whereby the walls enclosing said basement are composed of a suitable number of precast concrete members thus prepared and laid into the ground,

sending flows of a high pressure fluid through a certain number of the plurality of said vertical bores into the ground under the precast concrete member that has been laid to the depth as prescribed into the ground and discharging the underground sludge through the rest number of said plurality of vertical bores, to thereby create cavities in the ground under the concrete member;

placing concrete under pressure into said cavities through some of the plurality of bores to thereby form a foundation of the building,

providing to said foundation a plurality of hollow lines passed therethrough connecting said plurality of bores of the precast concrete member with the ground surrounding the foundation,

sending high pressure iluid flows further into the ground surrounding the foundation by way of said plurality of hollow lines and discharging the underground sludge through the hollow lines to thereby form new cavities surrounding the foundation, and

placing concrete under pressure further into said new cavities through the hollow lines to thereby have the foundation expanded or grown.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, in which:

the load bearing capacity of a foundation which is being expanded or grown is determined on the basis of the volume consumed of concrete and the pressure required for the placing of concrete.

References Cited 10 UNITED STATES PATENTS 770,475 9/1904 POOr 61--59 1,026,144 5/1912 Bignell 61-53.74 1,063,942 6/1913 Phillips 6l-53.74 1,447,254 3/1923 Langworthy 61-59 15 2,858,676 11/1958 Ross 61-36 3,243,962 4/1966 Ratlilf 61-36 FOREIGN PATENTS 26,225 1920 Denmark. 20 501,464 1920 France. 839,115 1938 France.

30,649 1911 Sweden. 243,539 1947 Switzerland.

25 HENRY C. SUTHERLAND, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 

